Which of the following is NOT a complication of involuntary weight loss?

Involuntary weight loss can lead to several serious complications, as it may indicate an underlying health issue, nutritional deficiencies, or inadequate caloric intake. When a person loses weight unintentionally, their body may not be getting the essential nutrients and energy it needs to function optimally.

Increased susceptibility to infection is a known complication, as a reduction in body mass can lead to a weakened immune system. This can make it harder for the body to fight off infections.

Decreased healing is another consequence of involuntary weight loss; when the body lacks adequate nutrients—particularly proteins and certain vitamins—it may not heal as effectively. This can be particularly concerning following surgeries, injuries, or in chronic conditions.

Pneumonia can also be linked to involuntary weight loss. Individuals who experience weight loss may have a decline in their nutritional reserves, which can negatively impact their respiratory function and ability to fight off respiratory infections. There is a notable connection between malnutrition and an increased risk of pneumonia, particularly in older adults.

Considering all of these factors, each of the listed issues is indeed a complication of involuntary weight loss, making the assertion that "all of these are complications of involuntary weight loss" accurate.