Which drugs may cause hyperglycemia in enterally fed patients?

In enterally fed patients, various medications can influence blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia. The correct answer highlights that all listed drug classes can be associated with increased blood glucose levels due to different mechanisms.

Morphine, an opioid analgesic, can induce hyperglycemia primarily through its effects on stress response and insulin sensitivity. It may inhibit insulin release and can contribute to the overall metabolic state that favors higher glucose levels. Similarly, phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, can lead to hyperglycemia by interfering with glucose metabolism due to its impacts on insulin action.

Thiazides, which are diuretics often used to treat hypertension, can cause hyperglycemia by impairing insulin secretion and action. They also promote potassium loss, which can further affect glucose metabolism. Corticosteroids, known for their anti-inflammatory effects, are well-documented for causing hyperglycemia by stimulating gluconeogenesis, decreasing glucose uptake by cells, and increasing insulin resistance.

Estrogen can affect carbohydrate metabolism, although its impact is less direct compared to the other drugs mentioned. Clonidine, an antihypertensive, can influence glucose regulation as well, though it is less commonly referenced in discussions about hyperglycemia.

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