Which drugs may cause a decrease in hematocrit levels?

Chloramphenicol and penicillin are both known to have effects on blood parameters, including hematocrit levels. Chloramphenicol has been associated with bone marrow suppression, which can lead to a decrease in red blood cell production and consequently lower hematocrit levels. This is particularly significant in certain populations, such as the elderly, who may already be at risk for decreased red blood cell production.

Penicillin, while primarily known for its antibacterial effects, can occasionally cause hemolytic anemia, which involves the destruction of red blood cells. This condition can lead to a decrease in hematocrit as well.

In contrast, anabolic steroids and antidepressants, as well as MAOIs and beta blockers, do not typically influence hematocrit levels in the same manner. Anabolic steroids can sometimes increase hematocrit levels due to stimulation of erythropoiesis (red blood cell production), while antidepressants and beta blockers are not commonly associated with significant effects on hematocrit.

Thus, the presence of both chloramphenicol and penicillin, which have documented effects on lowering hematocrit, supports the choice that these particular drugs can cause a decrease in hematocrit levels.