Which drug is likely to cause elevated blood sugar levels?

Corticosteroids are known to cause elevated blood sugar levels through several mechanisms. They enhance gluconeogenesis, which is the process by which the liver produces glucose. Additionally, corticosteroids can reduce the uptake of glucose by muscle and fat tissues, leading to increased serum glucose levels. This effect on glucose metabolism can be particularly significant in older adults, who may already have a diminished insulin response or impaired glucose tolerance.

In contrast, insulin and medications like metformin and sulfonylureas typically work to lower blood sugar levels. Insulin acts to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells, while metformin primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity. Sulfonylureas stimulate pancreatic beta cells to release more insulin, which helps lower blood sugar as well. These pharmacological actions are crucial in managing diabetes, especially among older adults who may be more susceptible to blood glucose fluctuations due to physiological changes related to aging.

Understanding the impacts of different medications, especially corticosteroids, on blood sugar management is significant in gerontological nutrition and overall health care for older adults. Proper monitoring and management strategies are essential to mitigate the risk of hyperglycemia when corticosteroids are prescribed.