Which condition may cause an increase in TIBC levels?

The condition that may cause an increase in Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) levels is iron-deficiency anemia. In this condition, the body has insufficient iron levels, leading to decreased storage of iron in the form of ferritin. As a response, the liver increases the production of transferrin, the protein responsible for transporting iron, in an attempt to maximize the amount of iron available for erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells). This increase in transferrin results in elevated TIBC levels, reflecting the body's need to enhance iron availability.

In contrast, other conditions such as hypoproteinemia generally result in decreased TIBC levels because the reduced protein levels can lead to a lower synthesis of transferrin. Cirrhosis may also affect protein synthesis and typically results in decreased TIBC due to liver dysfunction. Hemolytic, sickle cell, and pernicious anemias usually involve processes where iron stores are normal or increased, thereby not necessitating an increase in TIBC as the body is not in need of additional iron transport capacity. Hence, iron-deficiency anemia is the most suitable choice related to elevated TIBC levels.