What may be observed due to folate deficiency?

Folate deficiency can lead to several clinical manifestations, one of which is a swollen tongue, also known as glossitis. This condition arises because folate is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular division, particularly in rapidly dividing cells such as those found in the oral mucosa. When there is insufficient folate, the cells of the tongue may undergo changes leading to inflammation, swelling, and a smooth appearance.

Other symptoms of folate deficiency can include anemia, specifically megaloblastic anemia, where the body produces abnormally large red blood cells due to impaired DNA synthesis. Although weight loss might occur in the context of an overall poor nutritional status, it is not a direct result of folate deficiency alone. Hyperpigmentation and loss of subcutaneous fat are typically associated with other nutritional deficiencies or medical conditions, rather than being primary signs of a lack of folate. Therefore, swollen tongue is a specific and notable symptom that directly correlates with folate deficiency, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.