What is the primary cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) primarily results from decreased production of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys. EPO is a hormone essential for the stimulation of red blood cell (RBC) production in the bone marrow. In the context of CKD, as the kidneys become impaired, their ability to synthesize and release EPO diminishes. Consequently, this leads to a decline in red blood cell production, resulting in anemia.

Patients with CKD often exhibit signs of anemia due to this lack of EPO. Additionally, other factors contributing to anemia in this population include iron deficiency and the effects of uremia, which can influence red blood cell lifespan and production. Understanding this mechanism underscores the importance of monitoring and managing anemia in patients with CKD, particularly considering therapeutic interventions such as EPO-stimulating agents that can improve the anemic condition.

The other options do not accurately represent the physiological processes involved in CKD-related anemia. They either mischaracterize the role of EPO or suggest an incorrect mechanism of action regarding red blood cell production.