What is frequently the cause of poor food intake and nutritional status in older adults?

Medications are frequently a significant cause of poor food intake and nutritional status in older adults for several reasons. Many older adults are prescribed multiple medications, often referred to as polypharmacy, which can lead to a variety of side effects that impact their appetite, taste perception, and overall willingness to eat. Some medications can cause gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea or constipation, which may deter individuals from consuming meals. Additionally, certain medications alter the way nutrients are absorbed or metabolized, leading to deficiencies that further exacerbate nutritional status.

Moreover, the cognitive and physical impacts of medication side effects may lead to decreased ability to prepare and consume food, creating a cycle of poor nutritional intake and health outcomes. Understanding the role of medications in the dietary habits of older adults is essential for clinicians and caregivers to support better nutritional practices and interventions tailored to individual needs.

Considering the impact of other factors such as hormones, nausea/vomiting, and non-appealing food is also important, as they can contribute to challenges in maintaining adequate nutrition. However, the pervasive and multifactorial influence of medications on older adults' dietary habits often makes them a primary concern in the field of gerontological nutrition.