What is a primary cause of anemia in chronic disease?

Anemia in chronic disease, also known as anemia of chronic inflammation, is primarily linked to a reduction in the hormone erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is essential for the production of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow. In chronic diseases, such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or malignancies, the inflammatory response can lead to altered iron metabolism and impaired erythropoietin production. This decrease results in reduced stimulation for RBC production, leading to lower levels of circulating red blood cells and thus, anemia.

In cases where erythropoietin is diminished, the body struggles to compensate for the production of red blood cells, which is crucial for adequate oxygen transport in the body. Understanding this relationship helps in managing anemia in patients with chronic diseases, where treatment may involve addressing the underlying condition to improve erythropoietin levels and, consequently, RBC production.