What does a Stage IV pressure ulcer entail?

A Stage IV pressure ulcer is characterized by full-thickness tissue loss where there is often exposure of bone, tendon, or muscle. This severity indicates a significant depth of the ulcer, resulting from prolonged pressure that compromises blood flow to the skin and underlying tissues. The presence of slough or eschar is also common at this stage, as necrotic tissue can occur due to the extensive damage. Additionally, because the ulcer has progressed to this severity, patients may experience undermining or tunneling, which indicates that the wound extends into deeper layers of tissue beyond the edge of the visible ulcer. The damage at this stage showcases the serious implications of pressure ulcers, including the risk for infection and the need for advanced treatment approaches, emphasizing the importance of routine assessment and preventative strategies in at-risk populations such as the elderly.