What defines sarcopenia?

Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and quality, particularly as individuals age. This condition is not merely about a reduction in muscle bulk; it also encompasses the functional decline that comes with diminishing muscle strength and performance. As people age, they may experience a decline in muscle fiber size, muscle regenerative capacity, and overall muscle metabolism, which compounds over time, leading to increased frailty and a higher risk of falls and associated injuries.

The definition highlights the progressive nature of sarcopenia, distinguishing it from other conditions that might cause muscle loss, such as disuse or specific diseases. Understanding sarcopenia as a component of the aging process helps to frame it within the context of gerontological nutrition, emphasizing the importance of dietary interventions, physical activity, and potential medical management to help mitigate its effects on older adults.

This choice appropriately encapsulates the multifaceted nature of sarcopenia, including its link to aging and functional capacity, while differentiating it from other conditions that are related but focus on different physiological aspects, such as bone density or specific health states like cancer or chronic kidney disease.