What causes iron deficiency anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia can arise from multiple factors, each of which plays a significant role in the body's iron levels and overall health. Chronic or acute blood loss is one of the primary causes, as losing blood means losing iron. This could occur due to various reasons, such as heavy menstrual periods, gastrointestinal bleeding, or surgical procedures.

A deficient diet is another major contributor. Iron is abundant in certain foods, and insufficient intake can lead to lower iron stores in the body, causing anemia. It is particularly concerning in populations like older adults who may have reduced appetites or dietary restrictions.

Iron malabsorption is also crucial. Even if dietary iron is adequate, conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or after certain surgical procedures can prevent the body from absorbing sufficient iron from the gastrointestinal tract.

Since all of these factors are valid and interconnected contributors to iron deficiency anemia, the option that includes all of them reflects a comprehensive understanding of the condition's etiology.